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Coupling capacitance between the input and output side is less than 0. However, we use 4N25 in this example. This circuit demonstrates LED controlling with a switch optically. At the input side, the logic signal probe provides a logic high-low signal to a photodiode. The phototransistor turns on and turns off according to a state of the logic switch. Where to use 4N25 photocoupler? As their name suggests, 4N25 and other equivalent optocouplers such as 4N26, 4N27, 4N28 can be used to provide electrical isolation between two circuits.
In other words, it is used to make an electrical connection between two electrical circuits through photonics signals such as infrared LED and phototransistor. In short, 4N25 optocoupler is used in applications where to want to isolate electrical circuits from each other. Now you have two different electrical devices operating at different voltage levels.
One is a microcontroller that gives a control signal to the lamp through some electronic interfacing circuitry and microcontrollers operating voltage is 5 volts dc. Another electrical device is a volt lamp that works on the high voltage that is volts ac supply. However, you can still transfer an electrical signal between both sides through a 4N27 optoisolator. It can be used for Zero crossing detection applications using a microcontroller.
The circuit diagram of the zero detector circuit is shown here. It can be used for controlling speed of high voltage dc motor. You may also read this optocoupler interfacing with a microcontroller article to know more about its practical applications.
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